World Rally Car

World Rally Car is a term used to describe racing automobiles built to the specification set by the FIA, the international motorsports governing body, and used to compete in the outright class of the World Rally Championship (WRC). The WRC specifications were introduced by the FIA in 1997.[1]

Technical regulations mandate that World Rally Cars must be built upon a production car with a minimum production run of 2500 units. A number of modifications may be made to the car, including but not limited to:

* Engine with displacement of no more than 2.0 litres
* Turbocharger with Anti-Lag System
* Four wheel drive
* Sequential gearbox
* Aerodynamic parts
* Weight reduction to a minimum weight of 1230 kg
* Chassis strengthening for greater rigidity and safety enhancement (rollcage)

However, unlike Group A, manufacturers are no longer required to build "Homologation Specials" in order to meet approval. The base model need not have the characteristics of the WRC car, as evidenced from cars such the Peugeot 206, 307, Citroën Xsara and Škoda Fabia, which have no road car variant with a turbocharged petrol engine or four wheel drive.

To limit power, all forced induction (turbocharged) cars are fitted with a 34 mm diameter air restrictor before the turbocharger inlet, limiting the air flow to about 10 cubic meters per minute. This air flow limits power output of the engine to 300 hp officially, although the latest WRC engines are believed to produce around 330-340 hp in spite of the air restrictor. With this technologically easy to achieve, engine development is focused towards producing an engine with a very wide powerband (or power curve). Generally speaking, a power output in excess of 300 hp is available from 3000 rpm to the 7500 rpm maximum, with a peak of 330-340 hp at around 5500 rpm. At 2000 rpm, which is the idle speed in "stage" mode, the power output is slightly above 200 hp [2].

Before competing in stages (tracks) of the rally, the competing cars are tailored to the specific conditions of stages ahead. Suspension settings are adjusted, the most appropriate type of tyres are selected and fitted, the four wheel drive system's differential settings are also modified to suit the conditions of the coming stages. Stages may take place on asphalt roads, gravel and dirt roads of varying consistency and frozen snow-covered roads on some rallies held in relatively cold climates.





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Vietnam and WWF united on tra fish development

* By Hong Ngan | dtinews.vn | December 18, 2010 15:05 pm

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>> WWF offers apology and removes tra fish from their consumer red list

>> Vietnam Fisheries Association asks WWF to apologise

>> WWF temporarily removes tra fish from consumer red list

>> Ministry declares WWF assessment inaccurate, seeks answers

>> Vietnam asks for clarification of WWF’s assessing methods

>> WWF's disapproval of Vietnam's major seafood exports stirs strong opposition

Vietnam’s Fisheries Directorate signed a long-term cooperation agreement with the WWF on tra fish sustainable development on Dec.17.

Under the memorandum of understanding, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) pledged to support Vietnam in achieving the Aquatic Stewardship Council (ASC) certification for sustainable development. The certification is regulated by the WWF and the Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative in 2009.

Accordingly, WWF will finish preparations for the assistance work in the first half of 2011, including the organisation of seminars and training courses for Vietnamese fish farmers and processors, to create a consensus among them in applying ASC standards.

At the signing ceremony, Mark Powell, the International Global Seafood Leader of WWF, said ASC shows new progress in tra and basa fish breeding. However, Vietnam needs more time and efforts to achieve the certification. He also pledged to seek financial sources to support Vietnam to earn the certification.

According to the MOU, Vietnam will attain sustainable development international certificates for 25% of exported tra fish between 2011 and 2012, with 10% to be certified by ASC.

The target by 2015 is to have 100% of exported tra fish achieving international standards on sustainable development, with half being certified by ASC.

Nguyen Huu Dung, Vice Chairman of the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers said the WWF’s goal to help Vietnam gain ASC certification in the future is in line with Vietnam’s goals and cooperation should be no problem.

The Fisheries Directorate reported that WWF officially removed Vietnamese tra fish from its consumer red list on December 17 and encourages buyers to continue buying the product.





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